Gilded Age Timeline

Indigenous peoples inhabit the Port Royal Sound region

The article states that archaeological evidence confirms human activity in the Port Royal Sound region more than 10,000 years ago, with Native peoples drawn to the area’s freshwater springs, tidal creeks, shellfish beds, and game-rich forests.

Spring Island

Bishop James Kennedy founded the Chapel of St Salvator as part of Bishop James Kennedy’s College of the Holy Saviour

The Chapel of St Salvator in St Andrews was founded in 1450 as part of Bishop James Kennedy’s College of the Holy Saviour.

St. Andrews, Scotland and Pilgrim Trust – Edward Harkness

Patrick Hamilton died in 1528

Patrick Hamilton, described as a 24-year-old, was burnt at the stake for his Protestant beliefs; the article states he died in 1528.

St. Andrews, Scotland and Pilgrim Trust – Edward Harkness

Charles II restored and crowned

King Charles II had just been restored to the throne after years of exile and civil war.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Carolina Charter created the Lords Proprietors

Charles II signed the Carolina Charter, handing eight men control of the territory that would become Carolina.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Colleton as Lord Proprietor begins (3-year role)

The article notes that the Lords Proprietors started in 1663 and links Sir John Colleton’s role to that start date.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Sir John Colleton died shortly after the charter

Sir John Colleton died in 1666, three years after the Carolina Charter.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Zachariah Flegler arrived in 1701

The article states that the Flagler family cemetery includes an original New World ancestor, Zachariah Flegler, who arrived in 1701.

Told in:The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, OhioFlagler Mausoleum – St. Augustine, FL

Richard Hazzard secured a royal grant for Hazzard Hall (later associated with Bolan Hall)

On October 13, 1704, Richard Hazzard secured a 500-acre royal grant from the English Lords Proprietors for waterfront property along Hazzard Creek.

Deep Lowcountry Roots: The Story of Bolan Hall, Chelsea Plantation, and the Phipps Legacy

John Cochran granted Spring Island (then Cochran’s Island)

In 1706, Spring Island (then known as Cochran’s Island) was granted to John Cochran.

Spring Island

Richard Hazzard died; Isabelle (wife of Richard Hazzard) inherited the estate

When Richard Hazzard passed away in 1712, he left the plantation to his wife, Isabelle (wife of Richard Hazzard).

Deep Lowcountry Roots: The Story of Bolan Hall, Chelsea Plantation, and the Phipps Legacy

Sir John Colleton (48) returned periodically to the South Carolina barony

Colleton resided periodically at his main residence after 1714 before ultimately returning to England.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Yamasee War reveals limits of absentee rule

The Yamasee War (1715–1717) broke out across southern South Carolina and southeastern Georgia; Lords Proprietors were too far away to respond effectively.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Devil’s Elbow Barony granted to Peter Colleton

The plantation’s land was originally part of the “Devil’s Elbow Barony,” a 12,000-acre tract granted to Sir John Colleton by the English Crown in 1718.

Told in:Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SCThe Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Royal buyout ended the proprietary experiment

In 1729, the Crown purchased seven of the eight proprietors’ shares (including the Colletons’), while only the Carteret family refused; the result was royal colonies of North and South Carolina.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves)

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) was born (1763), later inheriting the property within the Colleton family lineage.

Told in:Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SCLouisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Divorce of Ann Fulford

The article states that Ann Fulford left the family to return to England permanently, leading to a bitter divorce in 1772.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Louisa Carolina Colleton (12) sent to England for safety

In 1775, as the American War of Independence broke out, 13-year-old Louisa Carolina Colleton (12) was sent to England for safety.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Revolutionary War begins in South Carolina

The article describes South Carolina as a hotbed of battles starting in 1775.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

War concludes; Sir John Colleton dies; Louisa inherits baronies

After the war concluded in 1777, Sir John Colleton died and Louisa inherited the Fairlawn Plantation/Barony and Devils Elbow Barony and other holdings at age 14.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Assault of Lady Jane during British occupation of Fair Lawn

The article says that Sir John Colleton’s second wife, Lady Jane, was assaulted and robbed by British troopers and fled to nearby Mulberry Plantation.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

British occupation of Fair Lawn affecting Louisa Carolina Colleton (17)’s holdings

By 1780, British forces had seized Fair Lawn, converting the mansion into a fortified supply depot and constructing Fort Fair Lawn nearby.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

James Brown Kirk

James Brown Kirk was born (1780) and later became an owner of the Rose Hill property described as acquired by the Kirk family by around 1823.

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

Louisa sells Belfair land (part of Devil’s Elbow Barony) to Benjamin Guerard

Louisa Carolina Colleton (17) sells part of the Devils Elbow Barony land (the Belfair land) to Benjamin Guerard.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Post-Revolution land confiscations broke up proprietary baronies

The end of the American Revolution in 1783 brought sweeping changes, with lands held by proprietorial families treated as Loyalist property and largely confiscated, sold, or granted to settlers.

The Lords Proprietors of Carolina: A Royal Reward and a Colonial Struggle

Marriage of Louisa Carolina Colleton (24) and Richard Graves

In 1787, 24-year-old Louisa Carolina Colleton (24) married Richard Graves, a 29-year-old naval captain.

Told in:Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SCLouisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Benjamin Guerard dies; property sold to William Telfair (43)

After Benjamin Guerard’s death, the property is said to be sold to William Telfair (43) in 1789 (with uncertainty noted in the article).

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Dr. David Harkness was born

Dr. David Harkness was born in 1795.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Huger-Gordon House is built c. 1795 and survives the 1863 raid

The article identifies the Huger-Gordon House as the only surviving antebellum home on the bluff; musket balls remain in its front door frame.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

George Edwards built a plantation estate on Spring Island

The article says George Edwards built the plantation estate in the early 1800s and that the main house’s flanking wings were added around 1810.

Spring Island

Samuel

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves)’s husband and son Samuel faced mismanagement and financial difficulties, which led to the loss of the property in the early 1800s.

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

John Cuthbert Heyward born

John Cuthbert Heyward was born in 1807.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

Belfair Plantation is established

The article gives 1811 as the date Belfair Plantation is established (by William Telfair (65), per the described naming and note).

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Constantia Pritchard Heyward born

Constantia Pritchard Heyward was born in 1812.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

William Telfair (66) dies in Surinam; Elizabeth goes to England

The article states that after William died in Surinam, Dutch Guiana in 1812, Elizabeth went to England.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Elizabeth Bellinger Telfair goes to England with their daughter

The article says Elizabeth went to England in 1817 and took Mary Lucia Telfair with her.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Martha Cook died before Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness turned two

The article states that Martha Cook passed away before Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness turned two.

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness was born on November 18, 1818, in Fayette, New York

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness was born on November 18, 1818, in Fayette, New York, to David M. Harkness (23) and Martha Cook.

Told in:Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Hazzard family relocated from the plantation property

In 1819, the family ultimately decided to pack up and relocate to Georgia after operating the estate for well over a century.

Deep Lowcountry Roots: The Story of Bolan Hall, Chelsea Plantation, and the Phipps Legacy

Dr. David Harkness (25) moved to start his medical practice in Milan, Ohio

Dr. David Harkness (25) moved from Fayette, New York to start his medical practice in Milan, Ohio.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Dr. David Harkness (25) to Milan Ohio

Dr. David Harkness (25) moves to Milan Ohio to practice medicine.

Martha Cook Harkness dies

David Harkness' wife Martha dies.

Stephen V. Harkness (2)’ mother Martha Cook died in 1820

In 1820 Martha Cook died, and Stephen V. Harkness (2) was 2 years old.

Told in:Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness FamilyThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Dr. David Harkness (26) married Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell

In 1821 Dr. David Harkness (26) married Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Dr. David Harkness (26) marries Elizabeth Caldwell

Louisa and Richard come to the Carolinas to inspect properties

The article says Louisa and Richard came to the Carolinas to inspect their properties and try to stop their sale; it was also described as Louisa’s last time in the United States.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Return of Louisa Carolina Colleton (58) to South Carolina

In 1821, Louisa Carolina Colleton (58) returned to South Carolina to try to reclaim what remained of the Barony after Samuel Graves (32) had mortgaged the properties to cover debts.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Daniel M. Harkness born

Daniel M. Harkness was born on September 26, 1822 in Milan, Ohio

Daniel M. Harkness was born September 26, 1822 in Milan, Ohio.

Told in:Daniel M. HarknessThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Death of Louisa Carolina Colleton (59)

After returning to England, Louisa Carolina Colleton (59) died there impoverished in 1822 at age 59.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

Louisa passes away in England (December 1822)

The article states Louisa passes away in December at age 59 in England, essentially insolvent.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Richard returns alone to Carolina amid creditors; Louisa insolvent

The article says that in May 1822 Richard returns alone to Carolina and by 1822 Louisa and Richard are estranged and both are insolvent.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

James B. Kirk

By around 1823, James B. Kirk became the owner of the Rose Hill property (as described in the timeline section).

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

Samuel Graves (34) dies in America (penniless)

The article states Samuel Graves (34) passes away in America in 1823 at age 35, essentially penniless.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Dr. David Harkness (30) dies

Dr. David Harkness (30) dies and Elizabeth is left to care for Stephen V. and Daniel M. and returns to Hopewell(Salem?), New York where she marries Rev. Isaac Flagler.

Ends 4 years of marriage (1821–1825)

Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell Harkness returned to Hopewell (Salem?), New York and married Rev. Isaac Flagler

After David M. Harkness (30) died, the article says his widow Elizabeth Ann Caldwell Morrison went back to Seneca County, New York; it also states David M. Harkness (30) married for a second time to Elizabeth Ann Caldwell Morrison and had a son named Daniel M. Harkness.

Told in:Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness FamilyDaniel M. HarknessThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

The Card House is dated to c. 1825 and survives

The article describes the Card House as a c. 1825 survivor, with local lore about a poker game.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

Andrew Jackson elected President

Efforts to sell off land

The article notes efforts to sell off the land in 1828.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Isaac Flagler marries Elizabeth Harkness (3)

Rev. Isaac Flagler marries Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell Harkness (3) in Romulus NY.

Rev. Isaac Flagler married Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell Harkness (3)

On September 15, 1828 Rev. Isaac Flagler married Elizabeth Morrison Caldwell Harkness (3) in Romulus, New York.

Married 33 years, until Elizabeth’s death (1861)

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Sale and division of Colleton estates including Fair Lawn and Devil’s Elbow

By 1828, the final remnants of the Colleton estates—Fair Lawn and Devil’s Elbow (described as now encompassing Belfair and Rose Hill)—were sold and divided.

Louisa Carolina Colleton (Graves) (1763-1822): a reversal of fortune

John Cuthbert Heyward (22) chose Chelsea Plantation as his family home

In 1829, John Cuthbert Heyward (22) chose Chelsea Plantation as his family home.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

LG Harkness married Julia Follett

On August 21, 1829 LG Harkness married Julia Follett in Sandusky, Ohio.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Birth of Henry Morrison Flagler

Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio.

Henry M. Flagler

Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York

In 1830 Henry Morrison Flagler was born Jan. 2 in Hopewell, New York, described as Daniel M. Harkness’s younger half-brother.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Fair Lawn and Devils Elbow liquidated after creditor suits

The article says that after years of suits and counter-suits with creditors, Fair Lawn and Devils elbow were liquidated in 1831.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Flagler family moves to Hammondsport NY

Dr. LG Harkness settles in Bellevue, OH

Stephen V. Harkness (15) began his apprenticeship in harness making in Water, New York

In 1833 Stephen V. Harkness (15) started his apprenticeship in harness making in Water, New York, at the age of 15.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

SV Harkness starts harness making apprenticeship

S.V. Harkness starts his apprenticeship in harness making in Water, NY at the age of 15

Texas declares independence from Mexico

Flaglers relocate to Toledo, Ohio

Isaac Flaglers relocate temporarily to Toledo, Oh where Isaac runs a parish. Isaac Flagler marries an interracial couple and starts a temperance movement.

Stephen V Harkness (18) returns to Bellevue

Stephen V. Harkness (18) at the age of consent(18) returns to Bellevue, OH to seek his fortune

Birth of Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness

Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness was born on October 25, 1837, in Dalton, Ohio.

Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness

Daniel M. Harkness chose to move to Bellevue, Ohio instead of relocating with the Isaac Flagler family

In 1837, when Isaac Flagler’s family moved to Toledo, Ohio, Daniel M. Harkness instead decided to move to Bellevue, Ohio to live with his paternal uncle Lamon G. (LG) Harkness.

Daniel M. Harkness

Henry Morrison Flagler (7) lived in Toledo, Ohio as a child

In 1837, Isaac Flagler was assigned to a parish in Toledo, Ohio; Henry Morrison Flagler (7) was 7 years old at that time.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Martin Van Buren elected President

Martin Van Buren President

Stephen V. Harkness (19) moved to Bellevue, Ohio to work in their store

Dan wanted to stay with his uncle in Bellevue, Ohio (as stated in the article) and moved there to work in their store in Republic, Ohio.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Dan Harkness moves to Bellevue, Ohio

Dan Harkness leaves family to live with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio

James Brown Kirk (58) gives Rose Hill as a wedding gift

The article states James Brown Kirk (58) gives Rose Hill as a wedding gift to his daughter Caroline Kirk in 1838, who married Dr. John Kirk.

Told in:Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SCBelfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Henry Morrison Flagler (9)’s family left Toledo, Ohio for Hammondsport, New York

The article says the Flaglers stayed in Toledo for two years and then moved back to Hammondsport, New York.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

John Cuthbert Heyward (32) died in a hunting accident

In 1839, John Cuthbert Heyward (32) died in a hunting accident when he was thrown by his horse.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

Stephen V. Harkness (21) moves to Bellevue, OH

Stephen Harkness (21) moved to Bellevue, OH after his harness making apprenticeship in New York to work with his his Uncle Lamon G. Harkness. He worked in the general store and eating establishment.

Daniel M. Harkness tried an apprenticeship as a printer in Lansingburgh, New York

In 1840, Daniel M. Harkness went to Lansingburgh, New York to try out an apprenticeship as a printer.

Daniel M. Harkness

George Edwards’s Sea Island cotton estate peaked in 1840

The article states that at its peak in 1840, the estate was home to at least 250 enslaved people who lived and worked on Spring Island.

Spring Island

Daniel M. Harkness returned to Republic, Ohio to work in the Harkness store

A year later, Daniel M. Harkness returned to Republic, Ohio (14 miles away) to work in the Harkness store there.

Daniel M. Harkness

Heyward House dates to c. 1841 and later survives

The article identifies Heyward House as a c. 1841 home that was later spared and repurposed as a Welcome Center and Museum.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

John Tyler succeeds to Presidency

John Tyler became the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845) when President William Henry Harrison died in April 1841. He was the first Vice President to succeed to the Presidency after the death of his predecessor.

William Henry Harrison elected President then assasinated

William Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841), the oldest President to be elected at the time. On his 32nd day, he became the first to die in office, serving the shortest tenure in U.S. Presidential history.

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (24) married Laura Osborne (27) in 1842

In 1842, Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (24) married Laura Osborne (27).

Told in:Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Various tracts of Devil’s Elbow Barony up for sale

The article states that various tracts were up for sale in 1842.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Daniel M. Harkness and Henry M. Flagler (14) moved to Bellevue, Ohio to pursue grain and distillery business

Daniel M. Harkness and Henry M. Flagler (14) moved to Bellevue, Ohio after working in Republic, Ohio, to become more involved in the grain and distillery business.

Daniel M. Harkness

Daniel M. Harkness encouraged Henry M. Flagler (14) to leave Hopewell and join him in Republic

Daniel convinced his half-brother Henry Morrison Flagler (14) to join him; Henry Morrison Flagler (14) went to Ohio at age 14 to work in 1844, earning US$5 per month plus room and board.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness FamilyDaniel M. Harkness

Henry travels to Republic, OH

Henry graduated the 8th grade and went out to find his fame and fortune. He decided to go to Ohio to work with his half-brother Daniel M. Harkness in Lamon .G. Harkness' general store in Republic. He spent 3 years in the Republic store before moving on to Bellevue, OH

Robert Barnwell Rhett addresses a crowd at the “Secession Oak” in Bluffton

Robert Barnwell Rhett addresses a crowd under the “Secession Oak,” calling for resistance against federal tariffs, an event presented as establishing Bluffton’s reputation as a secessionist hotbed nearly two decades before the Civil War.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Dan Harkness moved to Bellevue Store

Dan Harkness asked to move to Bellevue to work with the Chapman Harkness business from there

Irish Potato Famine

Irish Potato Famine

Isabella Harkness was born and died in 1845

The article lists Isabella Harkness (1845-1845) as a child of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (27) and Laura Osborne (30).

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

James Polk elected President

US Declares war on Mexico

US Declares war on Mexico

Birth of Ida Alice Flagler

Ida Alice Flagler was born in 1848 and grew up in Philadelphia.

The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million Divorce

David Harkness was born and died in 1848

The article lists David Harkness (1848-1848) as a child of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (30) and Laura Osborne (33).

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

Dan Harkness marries Isabella Harkness

Daniel M. Harkness marries Isabella Harkness (4)

Henry Flagler (19) and his first wife Mary Harkness (married 1853) and her sister Isabella Harkness (4) (seated) who married Henry’s half-brother Daniel M. Harkness in 1849.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerDaniel M. Harkness

Henry called to Bellevue Harkness Store

Henry called to Bellevue, salary increased to $400 per year. He roomed with half-brother Dan Harkness.

Henry Morrison Flagler (19) was promoted to sales staff

By 1849, Henry Morrison Flagler (19) was promoted to the sales staff and paid $40 per month.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Edward Harkness

The 1850s saw boys at Harrow School develop a new version of racquets using a vulcanized rubber ball; this is the period during which squash’s development is described as beginning.

Squash and Harkness

Henry Flagler (20) meets Stephen V. Harkness (32)

Henry Morrison Flagler and Daniel M. Harkness started a grain business and distillery in Bellevue, Ohio

Later, Henry Morrison Flagler and Daniel M. Harkness started a grain business and distillery with their uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio, making a small fortune distilling whiskey.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

James B. Kirk dies

The article states James B. Kirk of Rose Hill dies on 9 Nov 1850 (aged 69).

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Lamon V. Harkness was born to Stephen V. Harkness (32) in Bellevue

Lamon Vanderburgh Harkness (January 6, 1850 – January 17, 1915) was an American businessman and one of the largest stockholders in Standard Oil.

Told in:Lamon V. HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

The Seven Oaks residential structure is dated to c. 1850

The article describes The Seven Oaks as a c. 1850 residential survivor on the bluff.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

Kier - Kerosene Light from Refined Oil

In 1851, Samuel Martin Kier began selling kerosene to local miners, under the name Carbon Oil. He distilled this by a process of his own invention from crude oil. He also invented a new lamp to burn his product.[12] He has been dubbed the Grandfather of the American Oil Industry by historians.[13] Since the 1840s, Kier's salt wells were becoming fouled with petroleum. At first, Kier simply dumped the useless oil into the nearby Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, but later he began experimenting with several distillates of the crude oil, along with a chemist from eastern Pennsylvania.[14]

Mary E. Kirk dies

The article states Mary E. Kirk dies on 31 Oct 1851 (aged 57).

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Death of Lamon’s mother, Laura

Unfortunately, Lamon lost his mother at the young age of two in 1852.

Lamon V. Harkness

Stephen V. Harkness (34)’ wife Laura Osborne (37) died and was buried in Bellevue, Ohio

In August 1852 Stephen V. Harkness (34)’ wife Laura Osborne (37) died and is buried in Bellevue, Ohio.

Told in:Anna Maria (Richardson) HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Henry Flagler (23) marries Mary Harkness

Henry Flagler (23) and his first wife Mary Harkness (married 1853) ...

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerDaniel M. HarknessThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (36) remarried Anna M. Richardson (17) two years after Laura Osborne’s death

On February 13, 1854, Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (17) married the 34-year-old Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (36).

Told in:Lamon V. HarknessAnna Maria (Richardson) HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Henry and Mary's first child Jennie Louise born

Henry's Parents move to Bellevue, OH

Jennie Louise was born March 18

In 1855 Flagler’s first child, Jennie Louise, was born March 18.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Stephen V. Harkness (37) opens grain business and a distillery in Monroeville, OH

Belfair offered for sale by Georgiana Kirk

The article cites a Jan 26, 1856 post showing Belfair for sale by George Anna “Georgiana” Kirk.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Birth of Jennie A. Harkness

Jennie A. Harkness was born in 1856 to Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (19) and Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (38).

Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness

Henry Bessemer invents mass steel production

Henry Bessemer invents process that allows mass production of steel;

Church of the Cross is built as a Gothic Revival landmark

The article identifies the Church of the Cross as a c. 1857 Gothic Revival masterpiece that later survives the skedaddle-era violence.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

The Church of the Cross is completed

The article states that the Church of the Cross is completed and notes that it would later survive the destruction of the town.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Birth in Bellevue, Ohio

William Lamon Harkness was born in Bellevue, Ohio.

William Lamon Harkness

Carrie was born June 18

In 1858 Flagler’s second child, Carrie, was born June 18.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Dr. John Kirk

Construction on the Rose Hill Plantation House began in 1858 for Dr. John Kirk and his wife, Caroline Kirk, but was interrupted by the Civil War and not completed at that time.

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

Henry Morrison Flagler (28) sold his stake and entered the salt business in Saginaw, Michigan

In 1858, Henry Morrison Flagler (28) sold his stake in the grain and distillery business and went into the salt business in Saginaw, Michigan with his brother-in-law Barney York.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Second Child Carrie Born

William L Harkness born

William L. Harkness was born to Daniel M. and Isabella Harkness in Bellevue, Ohio

Constantia Pritchard Heyward (47) death

In 1859, Constantia Pritchard Heyward (47) died.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

Henry Flagler (29) builds the Gingerbread House

Henry built the Gingerbread House in 1859 for his wife Mary; Will later inherited it from his father Dan.

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

OIL! Drakes Well Strike

Drake Well strikes Oil in Titusville, PA

Rockefeller and Clark form produce commission business

Charles W. Harkness was born to Stephen V. and Anna Harkness (23) in Monroeville

Charles William Harkness (2) was born on December 17, 1860, to Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (23) and Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (42).

Told in:Anna Maria (Richardson) HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistCharles W. HarknessThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Carrie died and was buried in Bellevue, Ohio

In 1861 Flagler’s daughter Carrie died at age 3 and is buried in Bellevue, Ohio.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Civil War begins (April 12, 1861)

The article states the Civil War starts on April 12, 1861, when the Confederacy bombarded Fort Sumter.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Civil War starts

Daniel M. Harkness enlisted in the Union Army as regimental quartermaster

In 1861, Daniel M. Harkness enlisted and was a regimental quartermaster for the Union in the Civil War from 1861 to 1863.

Daniel M. Harkness

Daughter Carrie dies at 3 yrs old

Elizabeth Flagler died in Bellevue; Henry Morrison Flagler (31) attended the funeral

In 1861 Elizabeth Flagler, Henry Morrison Flagler (31)’s mother, died in Bellevue, and Henry Morrison Flagler (31) attended the funeral.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

First Battle of Bull Run triggers the original “skedaddle” panic

The Union Army breaks and flees toward Washington D.C., colliding with wealthy civilian spectators.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

Residents abandon Bluffton during “The Great Skedaddle”

The article says that fearing occupation, most residents abandon Bluffton in “The Great Skedaddle,” and the town becomes a strategic outpost for Confederate pickets monitoring Union naval movements.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

The “Skedaddle” migrates to Bluffton as the white planter class abandons the Lowcountry

With the Union Navy’s victory heard across the May River, the planter class realizes coastal defenses have vanished and flees within hours, leaving homes and provisions behind.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

Thomas F. Drayton orders evacuation of Hilton Head troops to Bluffton after the Battle of Port Royal

After Union forces win the Battle of Port Royal and capture Hilton Head Island, Confederate General Thomas F. Drayton orders the evacuation of Hilton Head troops to Bluffton.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Union forces entered Port Royal Sound in 1861

The article states that in 1861, Union naval forces entered Port Royal Sound and the plantation economy collapsed almost overnight; planters fled and enslaved people gained freedom.

Spring Island

Confederate troops launch a guerrilla raid connected to Pinckney Island

The article describes a Confederate surprise guerrilla raid on Union soldiers camped on nearby Pinckney Island, killing and capturing several dozen men, and says this angered Union commanders and contributed to the later decision to destroy Bluffton.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Flagler and York Salt Company founded

In 1862, Flagler and his wife’s brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (29) (1833–1884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan.

Henry M. Flagler

Henry M. Flagler (32) failed in the salt business and Daniel M. Harkness later lent him money to bail him out

After Henry M. Flagler (32) went into the salt business in Michigan and later returned having lost a substantial salt mine investment, Daniel M. Harkness helped bail him out by lending him money.

Daniel M. Harkness

Henry Morrison Flagler (32) returned to Bellevue, Ohio after the salt business failed

In 1862, the salt business failed; Henry Morrison Flagler (32) first returned to Bellevue and then moved to Cleveland, where he shared office space with John D. Rockefeller (23).

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Henry starts salt business in Michigan

Henry an brother in law go into the salt business in Saginaw Michigan. There is a significant demand for salt to support the Civil War.

Rockefeller invests in Oil Refining

J.D. Rockefeller and M. B. Clark invest in Samuel Andrews(chemist who improved the refining process) as he starts a small refinery in Cleveland. This targeted primarily the production of Kerosene for use in Oil Lamps.

Union soldier’s diary described George Edwards (22)’s home in 1862

The article reports that a Union soldier’s diary in 1862 described the home as “large, roomy and imposing,” while noting that vandals had already begun to strip its interior.

Spring Island

Belfair sold to Theodore D. Wagner

The article states Belfair is sold to Theodore D. Wagner in 1863.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Charleston Mercury reports on the Burning of Bluffton

The Charleston Mercury reports on the event, describing it as a “mortifying circumstance” and detailing the loss of property.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

David Hunter formally requests naval assistance to destroy Bluffton by fire

Union Major General David Hunter formally requests naval assistance to mount an attack on Bluffton with the specific intent of destroying the town by fire.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Pritchard family foreclosed and sold Chelsea Plantation

After Constantia Pritchard Heyward’s death and her mother’s death in 1863, the Pritchard family foreclosed on debts and sold Chelsea Plantation to the Fripp family.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

Samuel Francis Du Pont instructs George Bacon to lead the naval portion of the expedition

Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont instructs Lieutenant Commander George Bacon to lead the naval portion of the expedition against Bluffton.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

The burning of Bluffton—Union forces land and torch the town

On June 4, 1863, about 1,000 Union soldiers descend upon Bluffton, enter the town, and—under orders—fan out and torch it. The destruction claims approximately 40 private residences and nearly 100 outbuildings, and the article says two-thirds of the town is destroyed. The Church of the Cross is spared, and the Huger-Gordon House is described as remaining the only antebellum house on the bluff to survive. A Confederate force of roughly 238 cavalrymen attempts to engage but is repelled by shrapnel and shell fire from the Union gunboat Commodore McDonough. The Methodist Church fire is extinguished by Union troops before it can consume the building. The article adds that Union troops re-embark around 12:00 PM and return to Hilton Head without suffering casualties.

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

The Enrollment Act of 1863 provided for substitutes; Henry M. Flagler (33) used the option

The story states that after Daniel M. Harkness served, the Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed a draftee to pay a substitute enrollee $300; Henry M. Flagler (33) and John D. Rockefeller (24) took this option while helping the war effort.

Daniel M. Harkness

The New York Times reports on desolation after the Burning of Bluffton

The New York Times reports that “desolation, ruin and desecration have been left behind.”

Bluffton in Ashes: The Day the Lowcountry Burned

Union forces land and burn most of Bluffton, ending the skedaddle’s aftermath

The saga ends when Union forces land and burn roughly 75% of the town; only 13 buildings survive.

The Great Skedaddle of 1861

Belfair sold to Edward Barnwell (accuracy unclear)

The article states Belfair is sold to Edward Barnwell in 1864, but notes uncertainty about accuracy.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Birth and death of Jennie A. Harkness; death of Jennie A. Harkness

Jennie A. Harkness died in 1864; Florence Harkness (born 1864) was among the children of Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (27) and Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (46).

Told in:Anna Maria (Richardson) HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

Caroline and Dr. John Kirk flee; Caroline dies in 1864

The article states that Caroline died during the Civil War in 1864.

Told in:Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SCBelfair Plantation, Bluffton SCDaniel M. Harkness

Isabella (wife of Daniel M. Harkness) passed away in 1864

Isabella, wife of Daniel M. Harkness, passed away in 1864, and her memory was later cited as the basis for Daniel M. Harkness building Harkness Memorial Presbyterian.

Told in:Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, OhioThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Civil War ends (April 9, 1865)

The article states the Civil War ends on April 9, 1865.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Cleveland has 30 Refineries

Cleveland has become the oil refining capital of the world with 30 refineries.

Edward Harkness

In 1865, Harrow opened three courts originally designed for Rugby fives; students adopted them for the evolving game that became known as “baby racquets,” “soft racquets,” or eventually “squash racquets.”

Squash and Harkness

Flaglers Salt Business Fails

With the end of the Civil War the demand for salt is diminished. Flaglers business fails and he returns to Cleveland Ohio $100,000 in debt.

Post-emancipation period: Collins Mitchell lives on Spring Island

The article describes a post-emancipation period (1865–1910) in which Collins Mitchell—born enslaved on Spring Island—lived on Spring Island until his death in 1910.

Spring Island

Relocation to Cleveland and summer lake home in Willoughby

By 1865, they moved from Monroeville to Cleveland, Ohio, while also acquiring a summer lake home in Willoughby , located near Cleveland.

Lamon V. Harkness

Rockefeller and Andrews formed

Rockefeller and Andrews buy out Clark and form Rockefeller and Andrews refining company in Cleveland OH

The Civil War Ends

Henry M. Flagler (36) moved to Cleveland in 1866

Flagler then moved to Cleveland in 1866, thinking he would have better opportunities in a larger city; he had an office in the same building as John D. Rockefeller (27).

Daniel M. Harkness

Lamon V. Harkness (16) moved to Eureka, Kansas

In 1866 Lamon V. Harkness (16) moved to Eureka, Kansas to pursue a career in ranching.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Rockefeller recruites Henry and investment from Stephen V. Harkness (48)

Ultimately Henry lives at Euclid Avenue , near J.D. Rockefeller at 3920 Euclid Avenue and Stephen V Harkness (48) at 571 Euclid(pre1906)

Rockfeller unsuccessfully tries to recruit John Gardiner

Rockefeller, looking for both talent and investment funds tries to recruiet John Gardiner a banker and railway president from Norwalk, OH. ( He was for many years president of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway and helped build the line, which afterward became a part of Commodore Vanderbilt's system)

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (48) relocated to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland

In 1866, Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (48) sold his businesses in Monroeville and relocated to “Millionaires Row” in Cleveland on Euclid Avenue.

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

SV Harkness partners with Wm. Halsey Doan in Oil Business

J.D. Rockefeller moves to Millionaires Row

J.D. Purchases mansion at 424 Euclid Avenue,

John D. Rockefeller (28) approached Henry Morrison Flagler (37) and made him a partner in Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler

In 1867, John D. Rockefeller (28) needed capital for his new oil business and approached Henry Morrison Flagler (37), who was made a partner in the newly formed Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness FamilyThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

John D. Rockefeller (28), Daniel M. Harkness, Henry M. Flagler (37), and Stephen V. Harkness (49) unite firms to form Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler

The article states that in the year 1867 the firms of William Rockefeller & Co., Rockefeller & Andrews, Rockefeller & Co., and S. V. Harkness and H. M. Flagler united in forming the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler.

John D. Rockefeller & The Standard Oil Partners: Flagler and Harkness

Stephen V. Harkness (49) invested $100,000 on the condition Henry Morrison Flagler (37) be made a partner

Stephen V. Harkness (49) invested $100,000 on the condition that Henry Morrison Flagler (37) be made a partner.

Start Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

Stephen V. Harkness (49) moves to 571 Euclid - Millionaires Row

Stephen V. Harkness (49) moves from Monroeville to Cleveland OH on 1420/6508 Euclid Avenue. Simeon Porter Architect.

Dr. John Kirk

Dr. John Kirk passed away in 1868, leaving the plantation to his children, Emily Kirk and William Kirk.

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

William Kirk

After the death of Dr. John Kirk in 1868, William Kirk managed Rose Hill in the Kirk family until the early 20th century (as described by the article).

Rose Hill Plantation, Bluffton SC

TD Wagner sold Belfair to George Trenholm

The article states that in 1869 T.D. Wagner sold Belfair to George Trenholm.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Transcontinental Railway Completed

Flaglers move to 401 Euclid - Milionaires row

Harry Harkness Flagler was born December 2, 1870 in Cleveland, Ohio

Harry Harkness Flagler was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 2, 1870 to Henry M. Flagler (40) and Mary Harkness Flagler (37).

Told in:Harry Harkness FlaglerThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Son Harry Harkness Flagler Born

Henry's first and only son, Harry, is born.

Standard Oil of Ohio formed (June 1870)

In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio.

Henry M. Flagler

The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership grew into the Standard Oil Corporation

The article’s editor’s note states that in 1870 the five founding partners formed Standard Oil to allow in more investors and grow the company even larger; elsewhere it states that Henry M. Flagler (40) officially founded Standard Oil side-by-side with John D. Rockefeller (31).

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerJohn D. Rockefeller & The Standard Oil Partners: Flagler and HarknessStart Here: Scandal, Success, Oil and Steam: The Incredible Story of Henry Flagler and the Harkness Family

WH Doan buys out Harkness in Oil Business

Pacific Improvement Company (PIC) formed by the Pacific Improvement Company (PIC) in 1871

In 1871, the Pacific Improvement Company (PIC) was formed as an affiliate of the Southern Pacific Railroad to expand travel and build infrastructure in Northern California.

Pasadena, Paicines, Poissy and Pebble Beach – L.V. Harknesses and family

Cleveland competitors absorbed by Standard Oil

In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as “The Cleveland Conquest” or “The Cleveland Massacre”, Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors.

Henry M. Flagler

Charles Dana purchased Dosoris Island in 1873

In 1873, Charles Dana purchased the 46-acre Dosoris Island, lived in the existing home there, and brought landscape architect Frederick Law Olmstead to create an exotic oasis.

Told in:The Gold Coast of Long Island and HarknessWilliam Lamon Harkness

Great Panic of 1873

Vanderbilt founding grant

Cornelius Vanderbilt donated a $1 million founding grant to establish Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

Robber Baron – Yes or No?

Barbed Wire invented

Edward Stephen Harkness (56) was born in 1874

The article lists Edward Stephen Harkness (56) (1874-1940) as a child of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (56) and Anna M. Richardson (37).

Told in:Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistEdward S. Harkness gives away the family fortune

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber was born on March 7, 1875 in Morristown, N.J.

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber was born in Morristown, N.J., on March 7, 1875, the second of three sons of Dr. Henry Kirke Macomber and Amelia Collerd Macomber.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Custer defeated at Battle of Little Big Horn

Isaac Flagler passed away

In 1876 Isaac Flagler, Henry Morrison Flagler (46)’s father, passed away; Henry Morrison Flagler (46) did not attend the funeral.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Wild Bill Hicock Killed

Deadwood, SDEnter story info here

Cornelius Vanderbilt dies

George Trenholm sold Belfair to Henry A.M. Smith

The article states Belfair was sold to Henry A.M. Smith in 1877.

Belfair Plantation, Bluffton SC

Henry Flagler (47) family wintered in St. Augustine, Florida

During the winter of 1877-1878, Henry Flagler (47), Mary Harkness Flagler (44), Harry Hinckley, Jennie Flagler, and Carrie Flagler spent the winter in St. Augustine, Florida.

St. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in Florida

Henry M. Flagler (47) and Mary Harkness Flagler (44) moved to New York City as Standard Oil headquarters relocated

In 1877, Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, and the Flagler family’s time in New York began at The Buckingham Hotel next to St. Patrick’s Cathedral before later moving to The Windsor Hotel.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerSt. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in FloridaHarry Harkness Flagler

Myrtle Harkness Macomber was born in Kansas in 1877

Myrtle Harkness Macomber was born in Kansas in 1877, the daughter of Lamon V. Harkness.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Standard Oil and the Flaglers move to New York City

Standard Oil corporate headquarters is moved to New York City and the Flaglers follow.

Edison displays the phonograph

Henry and Mary Winter in Jacksonville

Henry Morrison Flagler (48) and Mary visited Jacksonville for the winter

In 1878, upon advice from Mary Flagler (45)’s physician, Henry Morrison Flagler (48) and his wife visited Jacksonville, Florida for the winter.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Edison invents Light Bulb

Edison did not invent the light bulb, but did produce the first practical, longer lasting light bulb in 1879

Stephen V. Harkness (61) acquired his summer/country lake house at Willoughby outside of Cleveland, Ohio

Stephen V. Harkness (61) acquired his summer/country lake house at Willoughby outside of Cleveland, Ohio in 1879.

Willoughby / Eastlake Lake House – Stephen V. Harkness

Birth of Harry Stephen Harkness (62)

Harry Stephen Harkness (62) was born in Kansas on July 17, 1880, to Standard Oil heir Lamon V. Harkness.

Harry S. Harkness

Harry Flagler (10) was sent to Ohio to live with his step-aunt Carrie

In 1880 Harry Flagler (10) was sent to Ohio to live with his step-aunt Carrie.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

John Edwin Fripp managed Chelsea Plantation as a hunting retreat

In the late 1880s, John Edwin Fripp managed Chelsea Plantation as a hunting retreat.

Chelsea Plantation – Ridgeland, SC

The Ristigouche Salmon Club was established on July 4, 1880

The article provides background on The Ristigouche Salmon Club, stating it was established by 40 New York City gentlemen on July 4, 1880.

Golf and Fishing – Ned Harkness

Billy the Kid Killed

Birth of Henrietta Pollitzer

Henrietta Pollitzer was born in Bluffton, South Carolina, on January 1, 1881.

Bluffton, SC’s Gilded Age Princess

Daniel M. Harkness worked with Amos Woodward and Charles Foster to influence Nickel Plate Railroad officials

In 1881, Daniel M. Harkness worked with Amos Woodward and politician Charles Foster to influence Nickel Plate Railroad officials to establish their line through Bellevue.

Daniel M. Harkness

Death of Mary Harkness Flagler (48)

Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerThe Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million DivorceSt. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in FloridaFlagler’s Satanstoe aka “Lawn Beach” RetreatThe Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, OhioFlagler Mausoleum – St. Augustine, FLHarry Harkness FlaglerThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Flagler sells Euclid Avenue home to Charles Brush

Brush demolishes the home, across the street from J.D. Rockefeller and builds a huge mansion.

Graduated from Yale University

Will graduated from Yale University.

William Lamon Harkness

Gunfight at OK Corral

Henry Flagler (51) rented a beach house on Orient Point in Mamaroneck, New York

To be closer to his family after Mary Harkness Flagler (48)’s death, Henry Flagler (51) rented a beach house on 28 acres at Orient Point in Mamaroneck, New York.

Flagler’s Satanstoe aka “Lawn Beach” Retreat

Henry M. Flagler (51) asked Carrie (aunt of Harry Harkness Flagler (11)) to become Harry Harkness Flagler (11)’s caregiver

Henry M. Flagler (51) asked his sister Carrie (aunt of Harry Harkness Flagler (11)) to become Harry Harkness Flagler (11)’s caregiver and raise him.

Harry Harkness Flagler

First Electric Light in NYC

H.C. Stahl received a capital infusion of $10,000 in 1882

The article states that H.C. Stahl’s company gained momentum and received a capital infusion of $10,000 in 1882.

Daniel M. Harkness

Henry buys Satanstoe in Mamaroneck, NY

After his wife Mary passed away, Flagler buys Satanstoe (named after the area in Westchester and James Fenimore Coopers Manuscript of the same name) for $125,000 as a retreat from busy New York - by Jan 2, 1885 and spends an additional $330,000 on the property renovating it. He felt obliged to spend more time with his family in a bucolic setting after spending so much of his time busy with Standard Oil. Ida Alice Shourds (33) is there with him.

Henry Flagler (52) purchased the beach house on Orient Point in Mamaroneck, New York

In 1882, Henry Flagler (52) bought Satanstoe, also known as Lawn Beach—a forty-room home on 32 acres in Mamaroneck, New York for $125,000, creating a family atmosphere after Mary Harkness Flagler’s death.

Told in:St. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in FloridaFlagler’s Satanstoe aka “Lawn Beach” RetreatHarry Harkness Flagler

Henry M. Flagler (52) became impressed by the poured concrete construction method of Franklin Smith's Villa Zorayda

Henry M. Flagler (52) was particularly impressed with the poured concrete construction method of Franklin Smith's Villa Zorayda and offered to buy it for his wife; Franklin Smith would not sell.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Henry M. Flagler (52) spent the winter of 1882-1883 in St. Augustine

Henry M. Flagler (52) spent the winter of 1882–1883 in St. Augustine, became interested in the historic city, and became interested in its potential as a winter resort for wealthy northerners.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Jesse James Killed

Standard Oil Trust Established

Flagler phasing out of day to day operations at Standard Oil - he is 52 years old. - 37 stockholders coveyed trust to 9 trustees . JD Rock, Flagler, OH Payen, Charles Pratt, John Archbold, WG Warden, Jabez Bostwick, and Benjamin Brewster.

Charles William Harkness (23) earned a B.A. from Yale College (Class of 1883)

Charles William Harkness (23) earned a B.A. from Yale College with the Class of 1883. While at Yale, he was described as “carefree, happy, irresponsible as the rest of us.”

Charles W. Harkness

Edward Harkness (9)

In 1883, the first squash court outside Harrow is constructed in Oxford, England, by a former student of the school.

Squash and Harkness

Henry and Ida Alice Shourds (34) married

Henry marries Ida Alice Shourds (34), she is 35 and Henry is 53 - an 18 year difference. Ida was Henry's first wife's nurse. Prior to taking up nursing. Ida Alice attempted a stint in acting but was unsuccessful.

Henry Flagler (53) married Ida Alice Shourds (35)

In 1883, Henry Flagler (53) married Ida Alice Shourds (35), who had been Mary Harkness Flagler’s lady’s maid and nurse.

Told in:St. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in FloridaFlagler’s Satanstoe aka “Lawn Beach” RetreatHarry Harkness FlaglerThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Honeymoon travels of Ida Alice Flagler (35) and Henry Flagler (53): Jacksonville and St. Augustine

After their marriage, Ida Alice Flagler (35) and Henry Flagler (53) went on a honeymoon to Jacksonville and St. Augustine, where they were inspired by the area.

The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million Divorce

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (65) purchased the yacht Twilight in 1883

The article states that Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (65)’s first yacht was Twilight, purchased in 1883.

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

James Conover

In 1884, James Conover, a teacher at St. Paul’s School in Concord, New Hampshire, builds the first squash courts in the United States, modeling them after Harrow’s.

Squash and Harkness

Rescued and renamed Spelman College

John D. Rockefeller (45) rescued the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary and renamed it Spelman College for his wife Laura Spelman and her abolitionist family.

Robber Baron – Yes or No?

The Rockefellers move to New York

The Rockefellers move to New York and bought an existing home at 4 West 54th Street in New York, moving the center of gravity of Standard Oil to New York.

Read more

26 Broadway opens in New York

The iconic Standard Oil building at 26 Broadway, New York, NY opens.

Henry Flagler (55) returned to St. Augustine, Florida with Ida Alice Shourds (37) and stayed at the San Marco Hotel

In 1885, Henry Flagler (55) returned to St. Augustine, Florida with Ida Alice Shourds (37) and stayed at the San Marco Hotel.

St. Augustine, Florida – Flagler’s start in Florida

Henry M. Flagler (55) began construction of the Ponce de León Hotel by himself

When Franklin Smith could not come up with the funds, Henry M. Flagler (55) began construction of the Ponce de León Hotel by himself, spending several times his original estimate. Franklin Smith helped train masons on mixing and pouring techniques used on the Villa Zorayda.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Henry M. Flagler (55) returned to St. Augustine in 1885

Henry M. Flagler (55) returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Franklin Smith an offer: if Smith could raise $50,000, Flagler would invest $150,000 and they would build a hotel together.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerPonce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Henry Morrison Flagler (55) began construction on the Hotel Ponce de Leon

Henry Flagler (55) eventually built the Ponce de Leon Hotel in 1885 and started his second career as the developer of Florida.

Told in:The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million DivorceThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

San Marco Hotel Opens in St. Augustine

The San Marco Hotel started January 1 1884 and opened in 1885, was the main competition to Henry Flagler (55)'s hotels. Henry Flagler (55) and his second wife, Ida Alice Shrouds, spent their honeymoon in this hotel. In part, this beautiful new hotel convinced Flagler that St. Augustine had possibilities. The hotel was unique for St. Augustine in that it sat on twenty acres of land and created its own environment.

Standard Oil headquarters moved to 26 Broadway

In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location.

Henry M. Flagler

Stephen V. Harkness (67) and the Peerless at the Willoughby lake house

The article suggests it was likely that Stephen V. Harkness (67)’s yacht Peerless, taken delivery on in 1885, was docked at the inlet for the Chagrin River on his Willoughby lake house property.

Willoughby / Eastlake Lake House – Stephen V. Harkness

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (67) bought the Peerless in 1885 (with Charles W.)

The article states that Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (67) and Charles W. bought the 147 ft Peerless steam schooner in 1885.

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

Charles W. Harkness (26) inherited Peerless from his father (Peerless May 22, 1886 is mentioned)

The article states that Charles W. Harkness (26)’s first yachting experiences were on his father’s boats Peerless and Twilight, and it also notes “The Peerless May 22, 1886.”

The Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Fist Coca Cola Served in Atlanta

Funded Rockefeller Hall at Spelman

John D. Rockefeller (47) financed Spelman’s Rockefeller Hall.

Robber Baron – Yes or No?

Henry Flagler (56) owned railcar FEC #91 (built in 1886)

The article states that railcar FEC #91 was built in 1886 in Wilmington, Delaware, by the Jackson and Sharp Company. It was Henry Flagler (56)’s original railcar.

Railcars #90 and #91 – Henry Flagler’s “Jets”

Statue of Liberty Dedicated in NYC

SV Harkness forms Euclid Avenue National Bank of Clevelend

Daniel M. Harkness built Harkness Memorial Presbyterian next to Daniel M. Harkness’s house (former Henry Flager home)

Harkness Memorial Presbyterian was built next to Daniel M. Harkness’s house, described as the former home of Daniel M. Harkness’s half-brother Henry Flager. The article also states that most people in Bellevue remembered this house as the former YMCA.

Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, Ohio

Harkness Memorial First Congregational Church was completed in 1887

In 1887, Daniel M. Harkness built Harkness Memorial Presbyterian (First Congregational Church) on Southwest Street in Bellevue, Ohio. The article states it was built with funds contributed by Daniel M. Harkness in memory of his wife Isabella.

Told in:Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, OhioDaniel M. Harkness

Henry M. Flagler (57)'s Ponce de León Hotel was completed in 1887

The Ponce de León Hotel project was completed in 1887.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Jennie Louise Flagler married Frederick Hart Benedict

On October 6, 1887 Jennie Louise Flagler married Frederick Hart Benedict.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Move to Kansas City and banking involvement

In 1887, Lamon moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he dabbled in the banking business.

Lamon V. Harkness

Rumor about Daniel M. Harkness and the absence of a bell at Harkness Memorial Presbyterian

The article records a local rumor that Daniel M. Harkness stipulated the church must not have a bell so he would not be disturbed by regular ringing right next door to his home.

Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, Ohio

Charles W. Harkness (28) inherited Peerless

The article states that Charles W. Harkness (28) inherited Peerless from his father in 1888.

The Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Death of Stephen V. Harkness (70)

The Cleveland Arcade project that Stephen V. Harkness (70) had started was still incomplete when Stephen V. Harkness (70) died in 1888.

The Cleveland Arcade built by Harkness

Flagler Builds Ponce de Leon Hotel

Henry Flagler (58), having visited St. Augustine viewed the lack of world class accommodations as an opportunity. He loved the city's style and decided to build a hotel. The Hotel Ponce de Leon was built on land that was part of a former orange grove and partially salt marsh belonging to Dr. Andrew Anderson, owner of the Markland house. The hotel at 74 King st. in the Spanish Quarter section of St. Augustine was designed by architects John Carrere and Thomas Hastings of the firm Carrère and Hastings in the Spanish Renaissance Revival style. Construction began in 1885 by contractors and former New England shipbuilders James McGuire and Joseph McDonald; the building was completed in 1887. The hotel was open for guests for just four months a year during the winter season. The Hotel faced demolition in the late 1960's when Lawrence Lewis Jr., a Flagler relative, had the vision to create a world class liberal arts college using the hotel as the centerpiece. This has been a great success and Flagler College is recognized as one of the top liberal arts colleges in the South East.

Flagler buys Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine

Franklin W. Smith opened the Grand Dame as the “Casa Monica Hotel” on New Year’s Day. Yet, in just four months, Smith put the whole enterprise in serious financial trouble. Overwhelmed at the prospect of keeping the business afloat, he reached out to Flagler for relief. The railroad magnate purchased the entire facility from Smith for $325,000. Franklin W. Smith was incredibly desperate, selling to Flagler, “all fixtures, furnishings, silver, hardware, linen, bedding, parlor, hall, dining room, and kitchen furnishings and all other chattels.” Renamed Cordova Hotel, the business prospered under Flagler’s stewardship. It came as no surprise, as Flagler was one of the nation’s most successful hoteliers.

Henry half time at Std. Oil becoming Florida Developer

Henry M. Flagler (58) purchased Franklin Smith's Casa Monica Hotel and reopened it as the Cordova in 1888

A year later, in 1888, Henry M. Flagler (58) purchased Franklin Smith's troubled Casa Monica Hotel, renovated it, and reopened it as the Cordova.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Henry M. Flagler (58)'s Ponce de León Hotel opened on January 10, 1888

After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerPonce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Isaac Flagler married Laura Osborne (date not stated)

The article states that Laura Osborne met and married Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister in Milton, New York (timing relative to Stephen’s death is not given).

Stephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture Capitalist

Stephen V. Harkness (70) died; Charles William Harkness (28) inherited stock and became a director

Upon the death of Stephen V. Harkness (70) in 1888, Charles William Harkness (28) inherited stock in Standard Oil amounting to the second largest holding in the company, surpassed only by that of the Rockefeller family. Charles William Harkness (28) became a director at Standard Oil and was also a director of the Southern Pacific Railway Company, the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the Tilden Iron Mining Company, and he managed his father’s holdings.

Told in:Lamon V. HarknessCharles W. HarknessWilloughby / Eastlake Lake House – Stephen V. Harkness

Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (70) died on March 6, 1888, aboard Twilight while at sea off Punta Gorda, Florida

On March 6, 1888, Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (70) died aboard his first yacht Twilight while at sea 40 miles off of Punta Gorda, Florida.

Told in:Anna Maria (Richardson) HarknessStephen V. Harkness – Standard Oil Venture CapitalistThe Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Flagler builds Alcazar Hotel - Completes 3 Hotels

Henry realized that while the Ponce de Leon would be a great draw for the wealthy of the Guilded Age, he still needed a hotel that would cater to those with smaller bank accounts and the more active clientele. So, he built the Alcazar across the street from the Ponce de Leon as a lower cost and overflow option. Many european guests actually preferred the understated Alcazar over the Ponce de Leon. It is also said that Thomas Edison preferred it as well.

Jennie died on her way to St. Augustine to visit Henry M. Flagler (59)

Harry Harkness Flagler (19)’s sister Jennie died on her way to St. Augustine to visit Henry M. Flagler (59).

Harry Harkness Flagler

Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict passed away on March 25, 1889

The article states that Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died on March 25, 1889 from childbirth complications while traveling by yacht to visit her father; she died off the coast of South Carolina aboard Commodore Benedict’s yacht, the Oneida.

Flagler Mausoleum – St. Augustine, FL

Margery was born and died shortly after birth

On February 9, 1889 Jennie Louise Flagler Bennett gave birth to a baby girl, Margery, who passed away shortly after birth.

The Harkness/Flagler Timeline

Anna Harkness built a new home at the Willoughby lake house

In the 1890s, after Stephen V. Harkness had passed away in 1888, Anna Harkness built a new home there at the Willoughby property.

Willoughby / Eastlake Lake House – Stephen V. Harkness

Construction of the Cleveland Arcade by the Detroit Bridge Co. (run by Stephen V. Harkness)

In 1890, the Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland, Ohio was built in two nine-story buildings joined by a five-story arcade with a glass skylight, and the work was carried out by the Detroit Bridge Co., which was run by Stephen V. Harkness.

The Cleveland Arcade built by Harkness

Design of the Cleveland Arcade by John Eisenmann

The Cleveland Arcade was designed by John Eisenmann, featuring two nine-story towers and a skylight made of 1,800 panes of glass spanning over 300 feet (91 m).

The Cleveland Arcade built by Harkness

Financing of the Cleveland Arcade by John D. Rockefeller (51), Marcus Hanna, Charles F. Brush, and Louis Severance

The Cleveland Arcade was financed by prominent Cleveland businessmen, including John D. Rockefeller (51), Marcus Hanna, Charles F. Brush, and Louis Severance (among others).

The Cleveland Arcade built by Harkness

H.C. Stahl’s company changed its name to Ohio Cultivator Company in 1890

The article states that H.C. Stahl’s company eventually became the Ohio Cultivator Company in 1890.

Daniel M. Harkness

Henry builds a church and Flagler Columbarium in St. Augustine for Jenny

After his daughter Jenny and her child died, Henry built a church and Flagler Columbarium in St Augustine, Florida in her honor and relocated Jenny, his wife Mary, and other family there.

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Henry Flagler (60) hired John M. Carrere and Thomas Hastings to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church in 1890

The article states that Henry Flagler (60) hired renowned architects John M. Carrere and Thomas Hastings to build the Venetian Renaissance Revival-style church in 1890, and that Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, her daughter Marjorie Flagler, Henry Flagler (60), and Henry Flagler (60)’s first wife Mary Harkness Flagler are laid to rest in the mausoleum.

Flagler Mausoleum – St. Augustine, FL

Henry M. Flagler (60) opened another hotel in St. Augustine after two years

Within two years of opening the Ponce de León Hotel, Henry M. Flagler (60) opened another hotel in St. Augustine, the Alcazar.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

Ida Alice Flagler's interest in Spiritualism and related claims

In the 1890s, Ida Alice Flagler became interested in Spiritualism and claimed to communicate with historical figures using an Ouija board; she also openly spoke about her husband’s infidelity.

The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million Divorce

Opening of the Cleveland Arcade on Memorial Day (May 30, 1890)

The Cleveland Arcade was erected in 1890 at a cost of $867,000 and opened on Memorial Day, May 30, 1890.

The Cleveland Arcade built by Harkness

Sherman Anti Trust Act Passed

The Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act,[1] July 2, 1890, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1–7) is a landmark federal statute on competition law passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain business activities that reduce competition in the marketplace, and requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. However, for the most part, politicians were unwilling to refer to the law until Theodore Roosevelt's presidency (1901–1909). The Sherman Antitrust Act was named after its author, Senator John Sherman, an Ohio Republican, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, who was also Rockefeller's colleague.[2] After being ratified in the Senate on April 8, 1890 by a vote of 51-1, the Sherman Act passed unanimously (242-0) in the House of Representatives on June 20, 1890, and was then signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison on July 2, 1890. Despite its name the Act has fairly little to do with trusts in the ordinary sense of the term. Around the world, what U.S. lawmakers and attorneys call antitrust is more commonly known as competition law. The purpose of the Act was, to quote Sherman: To protect the consumers by preventing arrangements designed, or which tend, to advance the cost of goods to the consumer.

Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (54) moved to New York City

In 1891, Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness (54) moved to New York City while continuing to maintain a home in Willoughby, Ohio.

Anna Maria (Richardson) Harkness

First Gasoline Automobile Built

While the electric light bulb was replacing kerosene as the light of choice, a new demand for oil was building in the burgeoning automobile industry. Lambert initially designed and built his horseless carriage gasoline automobile in 1890. He successfully tested it in January 1891 inside an 80-foot (24 m) farm implement showroom he owned in Ohio City, Ohio. Lambert's three-wheeled surrey-top gasoline-powered buggy was his own design. It had a single cylinder, four-stroke engine. This, the Buckeye gasoline buggy, was a one-seat tricycle with large rear wheels.

July 1891: Charles W. Harkness (31) and Mary Warden Harkness (with Edward S. Harkness (17)) arrive at Bar Harbor aboard the Peerless

The Bar Harbor Record noted the arrival of the “handsome steam yacht” Peerless from New York, and reported that a party including Charles W. Harkness (31), Mrs. Harkness, and E. S. Harkness spent a Sunday at the Louisburg hotel.

The Harkness Family in Bar Harbor: A Chronicle of a Gilded Age Presence, 1891-1925

Purchase of the One Elm mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut

Lamon then decided to leave Kansas and go back east to settle in Greenwich, Connecticut, where he bought the William Avery Rockefeller mansion, One Elm, in 1891.

Lamon V. Harkness

Ellis Island Opens

General Electric Company formed

Henry M. Flagler (62) invited Harry Harkness Flagler (22) to work at his hotels in St. Augustine

In 1892, after dropping out of Princeton, Henry M. Flagler (62) invited Harry Harkness Flagler (22) to work at his hotels in St. Augustine to learn hotel management and railroads.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Jay Gould dies

Kentucky trip and acquisition of Walnut Hall Stock Farm

Following a trip to Kentucky in 1892, Lamon also acquired a 400-acre farm in Donerail, Kentucky (north of Lexington) called Walnut Hall Stock Farm.

Lamon V. Harkness

Mary (May) Reta Wilson and Ogden Goelet commissioned Ochre Court

Ogden Goelet and Mary (May) Reta Wilson commissioned Ochre Court in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1892.

Palmetto Bluff – Richard Thornton Wilson Jr. & The “Marrying Wilsons”

1893 Worlds Fair

The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition,also known as The Chicago World's Fair) was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. It was a showcase for key inventions an development of consumerism that would drive the economy of the US for years to come including Electricity and the first Electric Kitchen. The Columbian Exposition was also the venue for the debut of consumer products which are so familiar today--including Cream of Wheat, Shredded Wheat, Pabst Beer, Aunt Jemima syrup, and Juicy Fruit gum.

Henry M. Flagler (63) announced Harry Harkness Flagler (23) would take over responsibilities for all three hotels

One year later, Henry M. Flagler (63) announced that Harry Harkness Flagler (23) would be taking over responsibilities for all three of his hotels, starting with the Hotel Ponce de Leon.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Panic of 1893

The Panic of 1893 was a true and severe financial panic lasting from May of 1893 to November, 1893, with a run on currency, and banks closing, and businesses and manufacturers not being able to open because they had not cash to pay workers or buy materials. The panic included precipitous declines in the stock market, the failure of Wall Street brokerage houses, and the failure of 158 national banks in 1893, mostly in the South and West. Other bank failures included 172 state banks, and 177 private banks, as well as 47 savings banks and 13 loan and trust companies and 16 mortgage companies. The panic started in New York and spread to the rest of the country. This was the atmosphere in which Florence Kelley and her colleagues began their work chronicling the economic conditions in the tenements and slums of Chicago.

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (19) traveled to Africa with Russell Burnham

With friend Russell Burnham, A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (19) traveled to Africa in 1894 to help map the area that would become known as Rhodesia; they were held under siege for two months before being rescued by the British Army.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

August 1894: Charles W. Harkness (34) arrives at Bar Harbor aboard the Peerless with Edward S. Harkness (20)

The Peerless returned in August 1894 arriving from Newport with its owner, Charles W. Harkness (34), aboard. The guest list included Mary Warden Warden and Edith Worder Warden (Elizabeth Warden Ketterlinus’s sister).

The Harkness Family in Bar Harbor: A Chronicle of a Gilded Age Presence, 1891-1925

First public movie shown in New York

Florence Harkness Severance (30) — Louis Severance’s second marriage (her first)

In 1894, just before Florence Harkness Severance (30) turned thirty-one, she became Louis Severance’s second wife. After the September wedding, Florence Harkness Severance (30) and Louis Severance cruised on the “Kaiser Wilhelm II” to tour the Mediterranean and Italy, returning to Cleveland in January 1895.

Told in:Florence Harkness SeveranceHarkness Chapel at Case Western Reserve

Harry Harkness Flagler (24) married Anne Lamont in 1894

Harry Harkness Flagler (24) married his sweetheart Anne Lamont in 1894 and moved to New York.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Henry Flagler (64) builds the Hotel Royal Poinciana

In 1894, Henry Flagler (64) built his first Palm Beach hotel, the Hotel Royal Poinciana, which had over 1,100 rooms and was described as the largest wooden structure in the world at the time.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Okeetee Club established

The Okeetee Club was established in 1894 in Jasper County as a 50,000-acre private club.

When the Lowcountry Became America’s Private Hunting Preserve

Severe freezes and Flagler reconsiders railway terminus

Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider.

Henry M. Flagler

Florence Harkness Severance (31) — funeral at 1341 Euclid Avenue and burial

Following Florence Harkness Severance (31)’s death, the funeral was held at the family home, 1341 Euclid Avenue. Florence Harkness Severance (31) is buried in the Harkness family plot at Lakeview Cemetery.

Florence Harkness Severance

Florence Harkness Severance (31) — move to Willoughby and death

In spring 1895, Louis Severance and Florence Harkness Severance (31) settled at the Harkness estate in Willoughby. Florence Harkness Severance (31) became ill in early June and died July 29, after only ten months of marriage. Her death certificate listed the cause of death as septicemia.

Ends 1 year of marriage (1894–1895)

Told in:Anna Maria (Richardson) HarknessFlorence Harkness SeveranceHarkness Chapel at Case Western Reserve

Florence Harkness Severance (31) memorial chapel donation

In memory of Florence Harkness Severance (31), her grieving family donated $121,000 to construct and endow a chapel on Bellflower Road in University Circle.

Harkness Chapel at Case Western Reserve

Florence Harkness Severance (31) passed away in 1895

Florence Harkness Severance (31) passed away at age 30 in 1895, and the article later ties her death to the later Harkness Chapel project at Case Western Reserve.

Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, Ohio

Guerard family purchases the Squire Pope “Carriage” house property (context for Henrietta Pollitzer’s upbringing)

Henrietta Pollitzer’s mother’s family, the Guerards, bought the property in 1895.

Bluffton, SC’s Gilded Age Princess

Ida Alice Flagler (47) sent to Choate House

In 1895, Ida Alice Flagler (47) was sent to Choate House after doctors were consulted about her behavior and was diagnosed with “incurable delusional insanity.”

The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million Divorce

Niagra Falls Electric Generators Start

Purchase of 933 Fifth Avenue townhouse in New York City

In 1895, Lamon bought a New York townhouse at 933 Fifth Avenue in New York City along with a carriage house.

Lamon V. Harkness

1896: Mary Warden Harkness marries Charles W. Harkness (36)

The article states that Mary Warden Warden would marry Charles W. Harkness (36) in 1896.

Told in:The Harkness Family in Bar Harbor: A Chronicle of a Gilded Age Presence, 1891-1925Charles W. Harkness

Addison Mizner moves to Palm Beach and builds the Everglades Club

In 1896, Addison Mizner moved to Palm Beach and built his first Palm Beach residence, the Everglades Club.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Daniel M. Harkness dies

Daniel M. Harkness, Henry Flaglers half-brother, dies in Bellevue, Ohio at age 73

Daniel M. Harkness’s estate was left to William L. Harkness

When Daniel M. Harkness died in 1896, his estate (estimated at $35 million, mostly Standard Oil stock) was left to his only surviving child, William L. Harkness.

Told in:William Lamon HarknessHarkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, OhioDaniel M. Harkness

Flagler’s railroad reaches Biscayne Bay

By 1896, Flagler’s railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay.

Henry M. Flagler

Harry Harkness Flagler (26) was arrested in 1896 in connection with a bachelor party

Harry Harkness Flagler (26) was arrested in 1896 as part of a bachelor party gone awry; the men were exonerated for enticing “Little Egypt” into a lewd dance.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Ida Alice Flagler (48) declared insane and institutionalized

Flagler’s second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds (48), was declared insane by Flagler’s friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year.

Henry M. Flagler

Miami incorporates and chooses name ‘Mayaimi’

When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it “Flagler”. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, “Mayaimi”.

Henry M. Flagler

Moved from Cleveland to New York City

After his father’s death, Will moved to a home at 12 East 53rd Street in New York City.

William Lamon Harkness

Charles Dana died in 1897

Charles Dana died in 1897.

Told in:The Gold Coast of Long Island and HarknessWilliam Lamon Harkness

Construction of the Big Barn at Walnut Hall

The farm’s Big Barn(see below) was built by Lamon Harkness (47) in 1897 and is 476 feet long, and has 52 stalls, a sales area, and an auctioneer’s block – and it’s still in service 113 years later at the Kentucky Horse Park.

Lamon V. Harkness

Harry Harkness Flagler (27) graduated from Columbia University in 1897

Harry Harkness Flagler (27) graduated from Columbia University in 1897 at age 26.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Royal Palm Hotel opened in Miami

In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay.

Henry M. Flagler

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: launch in 1897 (Ramage & Ferguson build)

Gunilda was built in 1897 by Ramage & Ferguson in Leith, Scotland, designed by Joseph Edwin Wilkins, launched on April 1, 1897, and cost about $200,000 to build.

Told in:The Sinking of the GunildaWilliam Lamon Harkness

Health-driven California travel for Martha and Myrtle

In 1898 Lamon’s wife Martha and daughter, Myrtle were having health challenges. So they started traveling to sunny California for the winter.

Lamon V. Harkness

Henry Flagler (68) bought a new railcar and renamed older railcar FEC #91 to FEC #91 (renaming sequence leading to FEC #90 and FEC #91)

The article states that when Henry Flagler (68) bought a new car in 1898, he renamed the older car FEC #91 and then named the new car FEC #90.

Railcars #90 and #91 – Henry Flagler’s “Jets”

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: ownership transition around 1898

Between 1897 and 1898, Gunilda was owned by either J. M. Sladen or by A. R. Sladen and J. M. Sladen with home port Wivenhoe in England; her second owner, F. W. Sykes, owned her between 1898 and 1903, during which time her home port was Leith.

The Sinking of the Gunilda

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (24) married Myrtle Harkness Macomber in New York in 1899

In 1899, in New York, A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (24) married Myrtle Harkness Macomber.

Told in:Lamon V. HarknessA. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Birth of David Sinton Ingalls in Cleveland, Ohio

David Sinton Ingalls was born on January 28, 1899, in Cleveland, Ohio.

Louise Harkness and David Sinton Ingalls

Cornelius Vanderbilt II dies

Groundbreaking for the chapel memorial to Florence Harkness Severance (Harkness Chapel) at Case Western Reserve

Shortly after Florence Harkness Severance’s death, Louis Severance and Anna M. Richardson Harkness (62) provided funds to erect a building in her memory at Western Reserve College. Louis Severance, Henry R. Hatch, and Hiram Haydn formed a planning committee and hired Charles F. Schweinfurth as architects. Ground was broken on June 14, 1899.

Told in:Florence Harkness SeveranceHarkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, Ohio

The Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea is built in Palm Beach

In 1899, the Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea was built in Palm Beach, becoming the oldest church in Palm Beach.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Farming, logging, and hunting on Spring Island (early 1900s)

The article states that by the early 1900s, Spring Island’s land use was dominated by farming, logging, cattle grazing, and hunting.

Spring Island

Flagler builds Continental Hotel jacksonville

As Henry's Florida Railroad continued to expand up and down the east coast of Florida, he added hotels. The Continental Hotel was built in Jacksonville at Atlantic Beach

Purchase of Pasadena home at 1201 S. Orange Grove

The Harknesses then purchased a home in Pasadena in 1900. 1201 S. Orange Grove – Lamon’s Pasadena, CA home designed by Frederick Roehrig

Lamon V. Harkness

The Breakers is rebuilt under Henry Flagler (70)

In 1900, the second version of The Breakers was completed after the original hotel burned down, using a more fire-resistant structure made of steel and concrete.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

1901 marriage of Henry Morrison Flagler (71) and Mary Lily Kenan

Henry Flagler (71) married Mary Lily Kenan on August 24, 1901, just 11 days after divorcing Ida Alice (18). A letter Henry Flagler (71) wrote 11 days after his marriage thanked a friend for congratulations and introduced his new wife’s personality to his social circle.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerPalm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s VisionFlagler’s Satanstoe aka “Lawn Beach” RetreatWhere did all the money go?Whitehall – Flagler’s Palm Beach CottageThe Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Addison Mizner designs the first version of El Mirasol

In 1901, Addison Mizner designed the first version of El Mirasol for Edward T. Stotesbury.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Divorce of Ida Alice Flagler (53) and Henry Flagler (71)

In 1901, controversy surrounded Henry Flagler (71)’s divorce from Ida Alice Flagler (53), which was tied to her diagnosis of “incurable delusional insanity” and confinement to a sanitarium; Henry Flagler (71) obtained new Florida divorce laws that included divorce on the grounds of insanity.

Ends 48 years of marriage (1853–1901)

The Tragic Life of Ida Alice Shourds Flagler: Madness, Money, and a $300 Million Divorce

Florida law passed allowing divorce on incurable insanity grounds

In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry.

Henry M. Flagler

Harry Harkness Flagler (31) and Anne Lamont purchased a townhouse at 32 Park Avenue in 1901

In 1901, Harry Harkness Flagler (31) and Anne Lamont purchased their townhouse in New York at 32 Park Avenue.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Henry marries Mary Lily Kenan

Henry Morrison Flagler (71) divorces Ida Alice Shourds (53)

The marriage to Ida Alice Shourds (53) ended in divorce in 1901, before Henry married Mary Lily Kenan that August.

Henry M. Flagler

July 1901: Edward S. Harkness (27) visits J. L. Ketterlinus at the Bide-a-While cottage

The family connection is first noted when Edward S. Harkness (27) of New York visited his host, J. L. Ketterlinus, at the “Bide-a-While” cottage.

The Harkness Family in Bar Harbor: A Chronicle of a Gilded Age Presence, 1891-1925

Marriage of Henrietta Pollitzer and Edward Vassallo Hartford (31)

In 1901, Henrietta Pollitzer married Edward Vassallo Hartford (31). The wedding took place in Bluffton at Henrietta Pollitzer’s parents’ home in the former Squire Pope “Carriage House.”

Bluffton, SC’s Gilded Age Princess

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: charter by a New York Yacht Club member

In 1901, Gunilda was chartered by a member of the New York Yacht Club of New York City and sailed over the Atlantic Ocean with 25 crewmen aboard.

The Sinking of the Gunilda

1902 completion of Whitehall built by Henry Morrison Flagler (72) for Mary Lily Kenan (35)

Henry Morrison Flagler (72) built Whitehall in Palm Beach, Florida as a wedding present for Mary Lily Kenan (35). It was completed in 1902.

Told in:Henry M. FlaglerWhitehall – Flagler’s Palm Beach Cottage

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (27) became a founding partner of the Los Angeles Trust Co. in 1902

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (27) became a founding partner of the Los Angeles Trust Co. in 1902 and expanded it into a multi-bank empire and engaged in early oil exploration.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Addison Mizner builds El Mirasol for Paris Singer

In 1902, Addison Mizner built El Mirasol, described as a Mediterranean Revival-style mansion, for artist Paris Singer.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

American Automobile Association National Championship retrospective for Harry Stephen Harkness (22)

The article states that Harry Stephen Harkness (22) was retroactively awarded the 1902 American Automobile Association National Championship in 1951, and notes that 1902 was the first year of AAA-sanctioned racing.

Told in:Harry S. HarknessWilloughby / Eastlake Lake House – Stephen V. Harkness

Birth of Josephine Hartford O’Donnell Bryce

Josephine Hartford O’Donnell Bryce was born in 1902.

Bluffton, SC’s Gilded Age Princess

Birth of William Hale Harkness (2)

The article says William Hale Harkness (2) was 46 in 1948, implying a birth year of 1902.

Taylor Swift sings about Bill and Rebekah Harkness in “American Dynasty”

Charles William Harkness (42) and Mary Warden visited Elizabeth Bushnell Warden Ketterlinus and John Ketterlinus (50) at Bide-a-While

In 1902, Charles William Harkness (42) and Mary Warden visited Elizabeth Bushnell Warden Ketterlinus and John Ketterlinus (50) at their summer home called Bide-a-While in Bar Harbor.

Charles W. Harkness

Dedication of the chapel memorial to Florence Harkness Severance (Harkness Chapel) at Case Western Reserve on Easter Sunday

The article states the Case Western Reserve chapel project was dedicated on Easter Sunday in 1902.

Harkness Memorial Presbyterian – Bellevue, Ohio

Florence Harkness Severance — dedicatory speech for Harkness Chapel

In 1902, Hiram Haydn’s dedicatory speech described the original purpose of Harkness Chapel as “reverent and intelligent study” of the Bible by young women of Western Reserve College.

Florence Harkness Severance

Henry builds Whitehall for Mary Lily as a wedding present

Henry decided Mary Lily needed a wedding present. By that time he had decided to develop Palm Beach and built her a Florida Palace to winter in for just 8 weeks a year. So he built Whitehall. In March 30, 1902, a story in the New York Herald described Whitehall, the Palm Beach home of Henry Flagler (72) as, More wonderful than any palace in Europe, grander and more magnificent than any other private dwelling in the world...Flagler built the 75-room, 100,000-square-foot Gilded Age mansion, Whitehall, as a wedding present for his wife, Mary Lily Kenan Flagler. The couple used the home as a winter retreat from 1902 until Flagler's death in 1913, establishing the Palm Beach season for the wealthy of the Gilded Age. Flagler commissioned the same architects responsible for his Hotel Ponce de Leon in St. Augustine, John Carrere and Thomas Hastings, to design Whitehall. Carrere and Hastings, each trained at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, apprenticed at the New York firm of McKim, Mead and White, were practitioners of the Beaux Arts style of architecture made popular at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. These architects also collaborated on the design for other Gilded Age landmarks such as the New York Public Library and the Fifth Avenue mansion of Henry Clay Frick.

Richard Thornton Wilson Jr. built Palmetto Bluff

In 1902, financier Richard Thornton Wilson Jr. built Palmetto Bluff, a four-story, 72-room manor.

Palmetto Bluff – Richard Thornton Wilson Jr. & The “Marrying Wilsons”

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: William L. Harkness purchases and makes her flagship

In 1902, Gunilda was purchased by William L. Harkness. When he purchased her, Gunilda was officially registered in New York City and became the new flagship of the New York Yacht Club.

The Sinking of the Gunilda

Addison Mizner builds La Bellucia for Richard Howland Hunt

In 1903, Addison Mizner built La Bellucia, described as an Italian Renaissance-style mansion, for hotelier Richard Howland Hunt.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Bellevue Gazette reports Henry and Will visit their parents’ graves at Bellevue Cemetery

Per the Bellevue Gazette reporting dated Nov. 5, 1903, Henry and Will visited the graves of their parents at Bellevue Cemetery.

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Harry Harkness Flagler (33) and Anne Lamont purchased Edgewood in Millbrook, New York

In 1903, Harry Harkness Flagler (33) and Anne Lamont purchased a summer residence in Millbrook, New York called Edgewood.

Harry Harkness Flagler

Henry Flagler (73)’s last Bellevue visit with Will L. Harkness (44)

The article’s central event: Henry’s last visit to Bellevue occurs in October 1903 with Will L. Harkness (44).

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Marshall Orme Wilson House at 3 East 64th Street completed

The Marshall Orme Wilson House at 3 East 64th Street was completed in 1903.

Palmetto Bluff – Richard Thornton Wilson Jr. & The “Marrying Wilsons”

Model A Ford is Produced

The Model A Ford is produced.

Race between Henry Ford and Harry Stephen Harkness (23) at Grosse Pointe Racetrack

In 1903 at Grosse Pointe Racetrack, Henry Ford and Harry Stephen Harkness (23) raced in the “999.”

Harry S. Harkness

Wakiva I (Lamon V. Harkness yacht) launched

Wakiva I was a 192-foot steel-hulled steam yacht launched in 1903.

Told in:Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. HarknessWilliam Lamon Harkness

Mary Emma Stillman and Edward Stephen Harkness (30) married

After graduating from Yale, Edward S. Harkness (30) married Mary Stillman, daughter of the New York attorney Thomas E. Stillman, in 1904.

Told in:Edward S. Harkness gives away the family fortuneHarkness House, New York, NY

Tear down One Elm main house

Lamon tore down the main house at One Elm in 1904 in anticipation of building a new home.

Lamon V. Harkness

The Gunilda owner’s family property becomes the new YMCA

The article says Will would turn over Henry’s former Gingerbread House to the City of Bellevue to be used as the town’s new YMCA in 1904.

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Walnut Hall expanded to 2,000 acres and 100 mares

In 1904, Walnut Hall had expanded to 2,000 acres and 100 mares.

Lamon V. Harkness

White Mountains tour involving Harry Stephen Harkness (24)

In 1904, Harry Stephen Harkness (24) is associated with a White Mountains tour in a Mercedes car, with handwritten notes stating: “Mercedes, 60 h.p. Driven by Harry S. Harkness.”

Harry S. Harkness

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: home port becomes New York City in 1904

Under William L. Harkness’s ownership, Gunilda’s home port became New York City in 1904 (the article notes that it was Philadelphia in 1903 and New York City in 1904).

The Sinking of the Gunilda

Addison Mizner builds La Guerida for Edward Shearson

In 1905, Addison Mizner built La Guerida, described as a Mediterranean Revival-style mansion, for millionaire Edward Shearson.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Death of Lamon’s wife Martha

Unfortunately, his dear wife Martha (known as Mattie) passed just a year later in 1905 while he was still in the planning process for the new home.

Lamon V. Harkness

Paul Dana subdivided Dosoris Island in 1905 and sold 15 acres to William L. Harkness

In 1905, Paul Dana subdivided the 46-acre Dosoris Island into two properties, kept 31 acres, and sold 15 acres to William L. Harkness, including the old frame house.

Told in:The Gold Coast of Long Island and HarknessWilliam Lamon Harkness

Tarbell publishes The History of the Standard Oil Company

One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker.

Henry M. Flagler

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (31) bought Rancho Cienega in 1906 and introduced thoroughbred breeding

When A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (31) bought a cattle breeding operation called Rancho Cienega in Paicines, Calif., in 1906, he invested heavily in a large new home and stables and introduced the breeding of thoroughbred horses into the operation.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Addison Mizner builds Playa Riente for Jules Bache

In 1906, Addison Mizner built Playa Riente, described as a Mediterranean Revival-style mansion, for publisher Jules Bache.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Charles W. Harkness (46) took delivery of Agawa

The article states that in 1907 Charles W. Harkness (46) took delivery of Agawa, and it also states the yacht Agawa was launched on 20 September 1906.

The Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Edward Stephen Harkness (32) purchased a vacant lot from John R. Ford

On June 1, 1906, Edward Stephen Harkness (32) purchased a vacant lot at the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 75th Street from John R. Ford.

Harkness House, New York, NY

J. Pierpont Morgan established the Department of Egyptian Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

The article states that J. Pierpont Morgan established the Department of Egyptian Art in 1906 and supported the museum's early excavations in Egypt.

Told in:Edward Harkness first to meet King TutThe Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Kingsley Macomber and Myrtle Harkness Macomber buy Rancho Cienega de los Paicines Ranch in 1906

In 1906, Kingsley Macomber and Myrtle Harkness Macomber and partner George Sykes bought the 8,917.52-acre Rancho Cienega de los Paicines Ranch in Northern California; the partners divided the property and Kingsley Macomber (31) kept the developed portion, raising cattle and breeding thoroughbred horses.

Pasadena, Paicines, Poissy and Pebble Beach – L.V. Harknesses and family

Lamon leaves Pasadena

Lamon left Pasadena in 1906 and from then on, spent less time in California, until his visits to Paicines Ranch in 1913 and then in 1914-1915.

Lamon V. Harkness

Marriage of Harry Stephen Harkness (26) and Marie M Cowan

Harry Stephen Harkness (26) married Marie M Cowan in 1906.

Harry S. Harkness

Ramage & Ferguson (Lamon V. Harkness yachts built there) modelmakers’ loft, 1906

In 1906, the modelmakers’ loft at Ramage & Ferguson in Edinburgh, Scotland showed three steam yachts in various states of completion.

Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Will helps fund a new Bellevue Hospital

The article states that Will would soon (in 1906) help fund the building of a new Bellevue Hospital.

The Day Henry Flagler and Will Harkness returned to Bellevue, Ohio

Addison Mizner builds Villa Flora for Carl Fisher

In 1907, Addison Mizner built Villa Flora, described as a Mediterranean Revival-style mansion, for millionaire Carl Fisher.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Charles W. Harkness (47)’s Agawa won the Mill Trophy

The article states that Agawa won the Mill Trophy, an award for a long-distance yacht race, in 1907.

The Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Edward S. and Mary Harkness purchase Eolia mansion

The mansion, ‘Eolia’ named for the island home of the Greek god of winds, was built in 1906 and purchased by Edward and Mary Harkness in 1907. The 200+ acres were a working farm and the Mansion was the Harkness’ summer home. The Roman Renaissance Revival-style mansion has 42 rooms and was designed by the architectural firm of Lord & Hewlett. Starting in 1909, architect James Gambel Rogers designed interior renovations (Classical Revival style), the pergola (tearoom) and carriage house (support complex). During this time, Rogers was also involved in the layout of the west garden with the firm of Brett & Hall. From 1918 to 1929, Beatrix Jones Farrand (landscape designer, one of the founders of the American Society of Landscape Architects) redesigned the west garden and created and installed the East Garden, the Boxwood Parterre and the Alpine Rock Garden. The estate was left to the State of Connecticut in 1950 and is now open to the public.

Eolia sold to Edward and Mary Harkness

Jessie Stillman and William Taylor sold Eolia to Edward and Mary Harkness; the property became one of their seven homes and their favorite.

Eolia Mansion – Edward Harkness

Fred Titus started with the Harkness family in 1907

In 1907, Fred Titus started with the Harkness family as superintendent of the grounds.

Told in:The Gold Coast of Long Island and HarknessWilliam Lamon Harkness

Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and Harry Payne Whitney arrive at Flagler’s Royal Poinciana

Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her fiancé Harry Payne Whitney arrived at Flagler’s Royal Poinciana, Palm Beach aboard the Vanderbilt family’s private railroad car (date not specified in the article).

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

Lamon V. Harkness: Wakiva II delivered on March 1, 1907

Wakiva II was delivered to Lamon V. Harkness on March 1, 1907.

Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Panic of 1907

The New York Times announced residence plans for Edward Stephen Harkness (33)

On June 22, 1907, The New York Times announced plans for a new five-story residence to be built by Edward Stephen Harkness (33) at the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Seventy-fifth Street.

Harkness House, New York, NY

William K. Vanderbilt Jr. and Cornelia Vanderbilt vacation at The Breakers

In 1907, William K. Vanderbilt Jr. and Cornelia Vanderbilt were shown on their Palm Beach vacation at The Breakers, with Virginia “Birdie” Fair Vanderbilt seated and Willie K. Vanderbilt, Jr. and managers Leland Sterry and Fred Sterry pictured among others.

Palm Beach, Florida – Flagler’s Vision

DOJ prosecutes Flagler employment agents for peonage conspiracy

When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for “conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery,” ...

Henry M. Flagler

Henry resigns as Std. Oil VP

Flagler resigns as VP of Standard Oil - remains on the board

Lamon V. Harkness: 16,000-mile cruise on Wakiva II in early 1908

Early in 1908, Lamon V. Harkness took the Wakiva II Yacht on a 16,000-mile cruise through the West Indies and South America all the way to Buenos Aires, with guests including Harry S. Harkness and his wife Maree.

Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Lamon V. Harkness: June 1908 departure toward Montreal, Labrador, and Newfoundland on Wakiva II

In June 1908, Lamon V. Harkness and his guest and crew embarked to the north, with guests including Myrtle Harkness and her husband King Macomber, and also including Emmons Harkness from Clyde, Ohio and Emmons Harkness’s niece Irene Davenport.

Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Lamon V. Harkness: quarantine after returning to New York

After returning to New York from the cruise described in early 1908, everyone initially had to remain in quarantine because they were worried about bubonic plague.

Wakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Model T Ford goes into production

Birth of George Herbert "Pete" Bostwick

George Herbert "Pete" Bostwick was born in 1909.

Pete Bostwick in the SC Lowcountry

Charles W. Harkness (49)’s Agawa won the Mill Trophy again

The article states that Agawa won the Mill Trophy again in 1909.

The Agawa – C.W. (and Will) Harkness Yacht

Congressional investigation concludes about peonage reporting

A congressional investigation in 1909 concluded that “there had been little immigrant peonage in the South and none in the … [railway camps] camps in the Keys.

Henry M. Flagler

Edward Stephen Harkness (35)’s residence reported leaded-glass details from The Architectural Record (Kenyon Cox and James Gamble Rogers discussed)

In 1909, The Architectural Record quoted discussion of leaded-glass window construction in the residence associated with Edward Stephen Harkness (35).

Harkness House, New York, NY

Lamon V. Harkness: meeting Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary on the way to the North Pole during 1909

In 1909, during one of Lamon V. Harkness’s adventures on the Wakiva, Lamon V. Harkness met Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary on his way to the North Pole; Peary’s notes describe encountering Harkness’s Wakiva at Cape St. Charles and later stopping again at Hawks Harbor.

Told in:Lamon V. HarknessWakiva II Yacht – Lamon V. Harkness

Collins Mitchell died in 1910

The article states that Collins Mitchell returned to live on Spring Island after the war and died in 1910.

Spring Island

Early flight incident connected to Harry Stephen Harkness (30) at Garden City, Long Island

A September 15 article excerpt describes Harry Stephen Harkness (30) (identified as an aviator of Cleveland) having a narrow escape when the monoplane he was flying at the aerodrome in Garden City, Long Island, dived suddenly to the ground from a height of 25 feet; his machine was demolished but he escaped injury.

Harry S. Harkness

Henry M. Flagler saw declining visitor numbers for the Ponce de León Hotel during the 1910s and 1920s

The hotel saw declining visitor numbers throughout the 1910s and 1920s, with one major cause being the continuous extension of Henry M. Flagler's railway that allowed tourists to vacation further south.

Ponce de León Hotel – Henry Flagler

William L. Harkness and Gunilda: extended cruise on the Great Lakes in 1910

In 1910, William L. Harkness brought Gunilda to the Great Lakes to perform an extended cruise.

The Sinking of the Gunilda

A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (36)’s pari-mutuel racing operations were affected by federal legislation in 1911

Federal legislation in 1911 banned pari-mutuel betting; A. Kingsley “King” Macomber (36) and some other breeders moved their operations to England and France.

A. Kingsley and Laura Myrtle Harkness Macomber

Aviation contract involving Charles F. Walsh and Harry Stephen Harkness (31) at North Island, San Diego

On March 4, 1911, Harry Stephen Harkness (31) contracted early aviator Charles F. Walsh to build an airplane for use by Harry Stephen Harkness (31)’s chief mechanic John Kiley at the Harkness camp established on North Island in San Diego, California; Walsh delivered the plane to the aviation camp at North Island on April 7, 1911.

Harry S. Harkness

Birth in New York City

He was born on April 18, 1911, in New York City to Henrietta Pollitzer Hartford (30) and her spouse, Edward V. Hartford, who was an heir to the substantial A&P grocery store fortune.

Told in:Bluffton, SC’s Gilded Age PrincessGeorge Huntington Hartford II – The Visionary Life and Fall of an Heir

Charles Harkness (51) sails the yacht Agawa to Newport, Rhode Island in 1911

The article says it is likely that each of the Harkness families sailed their yachts Gunilda and Agawa to Newport that summer, and identifies Agawa as a Charles Harkness (51) yacht.

C.W. and W.L. Harkness in Newport, RI

Charles Harkness (51) spends time in Newport, Rhode Island in 1911

In 1911, Charles Harkness (51) and his family spent time in Newport, Rhode Island at the Harriman cottage (with the Ivy Lodge identified as the former Harriman Cottage). The article says it was uncertain whether the Harrimans shared the cottage, but it suggests they likely rented the whole cottage.